Menginstal modul Perl yang dibutuhkan oleh berbagai perangkat lunak open source adalah tugas rutin bagi sysadmin. Memasang modul Perl secara manual dengan menyelesaikan semua dependensi adalah proses yang membosankan dan menjengkelkan.
Menginstal modul Perl menggunakan CPAN adalah solusi yang lebih baik, karena menyelesaikan semua dependensi secara otomatis. Pada artikel ini, mari kita tinjau cara menginstal modul Perl di Linux menggunakan metode manual dan CPAN.
Ketika modul Perl tidak diinstal, aplikasi akan menampilkan pesan kesalahan berikut. Dalam contoh ini, modul XML::Parser Perl tidak ada.
Can't locate XML/parser.pm in @INC (@INC contains: /usr/lib/perl5/5.10.0/i386-linux-thread-multi /usr/lib/perl5/5.10.0 /usr/local/lib/perl5/site_perl/5.10.0/i386-linux-thread-multi /usr/local/lib/perl5/site_perl/5.10.0 /usr/lib/perl5/vendor_perl/5.10.0/i386-linux-thread-multi /usr/lib/perl5/vendor_perl/5.10.0 /usr/lib/perl5/vendor_perl /usr/lib/perl5/site_perl/5.10.0 .)
Instal Modul Perl Secara Manual
Unduh modul Perl
Buka situs web CPAN Search dan cari modul yang ingin Anda unduh. Dalam contoh ini, mari kita cari, unduh, dan instal modul XML::Parser Perl. Saya telah mengunduh XML-Parser-2.36.tar.gz ke /home/download
# cd /home/download # gzip -d XML-Parser-2.36.tar.gz # tar xvf XML-Parser-2.36.tar # cd XML-Parser-2.36
Buat modul perl
# perl Makefile.PL Checking if your kit is complete... Looks good Writing Makefile for XML::Parser::Expat Writing Makefile for XML::Parser # make # make test
Instal modul perl
# make install
Ini sangat sederhana untuk satu modul tanpa ketergantungan. Biasanya, modul Perl akan bergantung pada beberapa modul lainnya. Mengejar semua dependensi ini satu per satu bisa menjadi tugas yang sangat menyakitkan dan menjengkelkan. Saya merekomendasikan metode instalasi CPAN seperti yang ditunjukkan di bawah ini. Gunakan cara manual hanya jika server tidak terhubung ke Internet.
Instal Modul Perl menggunakan CPAN secara otomatis
Verifikasi apakah CPAN sudah terpasang
Untuk menginstal modul Perl menggunakan CPAN, pastikan perintah cpan berfungsi. Anda harus menginstal modul Perl CPAN sebelum Anda dapat menginstal modul Perl lainnya menggunakan CPAN. Dalam contoh ini, modul CPAN tidak terpasang.
# cpan -bash: cpan: command not found # perl -MCPAN -e shell Can't locate CPAN.pm in @INC (@INC contains: /usr/lib/perl5/5.10.0/i386-linux-thread-multi /usr/lib/perl5/5.10.0 /usr/local/lib/perl5/site_perl/5.10.0/i386-linux-thread-multi /usr/local/lib/perl5/site_perl/5.10.0 /usr/lib/perl5/vendor_perl/5.10.0/i386-linux-thread-multi /usr/lib/perl5/vendor_perl/5.10.0 /usr/lib/perl5/vendor_perl /usr/lib/perl5/site_perl/5.10.0 .). BEGIN failed--compilation aborted.
Instal modul CPAN menggunakan yum
# yum install perl-CPAN
Output dari perintah yum install perl-CPAN:
Loaded plugins: refresh-packagekit updates-newkey | 2.3 kB 00:00 primary.sqlite.bz2 | 2.4 MB 00:00 Setting up Install Process Parsing package install arguments Resolving Dependencies Transaction Summary ============================================================================= Install 5 Package(s) Update 0 Package(s) Remove 0 Package(s) Total download size: 1.0 M Is this ok [y/N]: y Downloading Packages: (1/5): perl-ExtUtils-ParseXS-2.18-31.fc9.i386.rpm | 30 kB 00:00 (2/5): perl-Test-Harness-2.64-31.fc9.i386.rpm | 70 kB 00:00 (3/5): perl-CPAN-1.9205-31.fc9.i386.rpm | 217 kB 00:00 (4/5): perl-ExtUtils-MakeMaker-6.36-31.fc9.i386.rpm | 284 kB 00:00 (5/5): perl-devel-5.10.0-31.fc9.i386.rpm | 408 kB 00:00 Installing : perl-ExtUtils-ParseXS [1/5] Installing : perl-devel [2/5] Installing : perl-Test-Harness [3/5] Installing : perl-ExtUtils-MakeMaker [4/5] Installing : perl-CPAN [5/5] Installed: perl-CPAN.i386 0:1.9205-31.fc9 Dependency Installed: perl-ExtUtils-MakeMaker.i386 0:6.36-31.fc9 perl-ExtUtils-ParseXS.i386 1:2.18-31.fc9 perl-Test-Harness.i386 0:2.64-31.fc9 perl-devel.i386 4:5.10.0-31.fc9 Complete!
Konfigurasikan cpan pertama kali
Pertama kali ketika Anda menjalankan cpan, Anda harus mengatur beberapa parameter konfigurasi seperti yang ditunjukkan di bawah ini. Saya hanya menunjukkan parameter konfigurasi penting di bawah ini. Terima semua nilai default dengan menekan enter.
Catatan: Pastikan untuk menjalankan “o conf commit ” di cpan prompt setelah konfigurasi untuk menyimpan pengaturan.
# cpan Sorry, we have to rerun the configuration dialog for CPAN.pm due to some missing parameters... CPAN build and cache directory? [/root/.cpan] Download target directory? [/root/.cpan/sources] Directory where the build process takes place? [/root/.cpan/build] Always commit changes to config variables to disk? [no] Cache size for build directory (in MB)? [100] Let the index expire after how many days? [1] Perform cache scanning (atstart or never)? [atstart] Cache metadata (yes/no)? [yes] Policy on building prerequisites (follow, ask or ignore)? [ask] Parameters for the 'perl Makefile.PL' command? [] Parameters for the 'perl Build.PL' command? [] Your ftp_proxy? [] Your http_proxy? [] Your no_proxy? [] Is it OK to try to connect to the Internet? [yes] First, pick a nearby continent and country by typing in the number(s) (1) Africa (2) Asia (3) Central America (4) Europe (5) North America (6) Oceania (7) South America Select your continent (or several nearby continents) [] 5 (1) Bahamas (2) Canada (3) Mexico (4) United States Select your country (or several nearby countries) [] 4 (2) ftp://carroll.cac.psu.edu/pub/CPAN/ (3) ftp://cpan-du.viaverio.com/pub/CPAN/ (4) ftp://cpan-sj.viaverio.com/pub/CPAN/ (5) ftp://cpan.calvin.edu/pub/CPAN (6) ftp://cpan.cs.utah.edu/pub/CPAN/ e.g. '1 4 5' or '7 1-4 8' [] 2-16 cpan[1]> o conf commit commit: wrote '/usr/lib/perl5/5.10.0/CPAN/Config.pm' cpan[2]> quit No history written (no histfile specified). Lockfile removed.
Instal Modul Perl menggunakan CPAN
Anda dapat menggunakan salah satu metode berikut untuk menginstal modul Perl menggunakan cpan.
# /usr/bin/perl -MCPAN -e 'install Email::Reply' (or) # cpan cpan shell -- CPAN exploration and modules installation (v1.9205) ReadLine support available (maybe install Bundle::CPAN or Bundle::CPANxxl?) cpan[1]> install "Email::Reply";
Output dari perintah instalasi perl di atas:
CPAN: Storable loaded ok (v2.18)
Going to read /root/.cpan/Metadata
Database was generated on Mon, 15 Sep 2008 11:02:52 GMT
Running install for module 'Email::Reply'
Running make for R/RJ/RJBS/Email-Reply-1.202.tar.gz
CPAN: LWP::UserAgent loaded ok (v2.036)
CPAN: Time::HiRes loaded ok (v1.9711)
Fetching with LWP:
ftp://carroll.cac.psu.edu/pub/CPAN/authors/id/R/RJ/RJBS/Email-Reply-1.202.tar.gz
CPAN: checksum security checks disabled because Digest::SHA not installed.
Please consider installing the Digest::SHA module.
CPAN: Compress::Zlib loaded ok (v2.008)
Email-Reply-1.202/
Email-Reply-1.202/Changes
CPAN: File::Temp loaded ok (v0.18)
Warning: prerequisite Email::Abstract 2.01 not found.
Warning: prerequisite Email::MIME::Creator 1.41 not found.
Writing Makefile for Email::Reply
---- Unsatisfied dependencies detected during ----
---- RJBS/Email-Reply-1.202.tar.gz ----
Email::Abstract [requires]
Email::MIME::Creator [requires]
Shall I follow them and prepend them to the queue
of modules we are processing right now? [yes]
[Note: CPAN automatically detects that Email::Abstract
and Email::MIME::Creator is required]
Fetching with LWP:
ftp://server/pub/CPAN/authors/id/R/RJ/RJBS/Email-Abstract-2.134.tar.gz
make -- OK
make install -- OK
Fetching with LWP:
ftp://server/pub/CPAN/authors/id/R/RJ/RJBS/Email-MIME-Creator-1.454.tar.gz
make -- OK
make install -- OK
Warning: prerequisite Email::Simple::Creator 1.4 not found.
Writing Makefile for Email::MIME::Creator
Email::Simple::Creator [requires]
Shall I follow them and prepend them to the queue
of modules we are processing right now? [yes]
[Note: CPAN automatically detects that Simple::Creator is required]
Fetching with LWP:
ftp://carroll.cac.psu.edu/pub/CPAN/authors/id/R/RJ/RJBS/Simple-Creator.tar.gz
make -- OK
make install -- OK
Fetching with LWP:
CPAN.pm: Going to build R/RJ/RJBS/Email-Reply-1.202.tar.gz
make -- OK
make install -- OK
Pada contoh di atas, Email::Reply bergantung pada beberapa modul lainnya. CPAN secara otomatis menyelesaikan dependensi dan menginstal Email::Reply dan semua modul Perl yang bergantung.
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