Solusi 1:
Dari halaman manual apt-get,
-s, --simulate, --just-print, --dry-run, --recon, --no-act No action; perform a simulation of events that would occur but do not actually change the system. Configuration Item: APT::Get::Simulate. Simulation run as user will deactivate locking (Debug::NoLocking) automatic. Also a notice will be displayed indicating that this is only a simulation, if the option APT::Get::Show-User-Simulation-Note is set (Default: true). Neither NoLocking nor the notice will be triggered if run as root (root should know what he is doing without further warnings by apt-get). Simulate prints out a series of lines each one representing a dpkg operation, Configure (Conf), Remove (Remv), Unpack (Inst). Square brackets indicate broken packages and empty set of square brackets meaning breaks that are of no consequence (rare).
Jadi pastikan Anda apt-get -s upgrade .
Jika ingin mengupgrade paket tertentu, cukup apt-get install <package name> dan itu akan memperbaruinya jika sudah diinstal. Namun itu juga harus memperbarui semua dependensi, dan tergantung pada apa itu, yang dapat mengalir ke banyak pembaruan.
Jika saya ketinggalan pembaruan paket, saya akan melakukan apt-get install pada beberapa yang besar (mungkin php, apache2, dll.) sehingga saya dapat menyimpannya dan memeriksa masalah apa pun, lalu apt-get upgrade setelah saya selesai.
Solusi 2:
Saya menggunakan apt list --upgradable .
Alternatif berikutnya adalah apt-get --simulate upgrade . (berdasarkan @EightBitTony)
Berikut adalah keluaran dari opsi yang berbeda (semoga membantu seseorang):
[email protected]:~$ apt list --upgradable
Listing... Done
kubernetes-cni/kubernetes-xenial 0.7.5-00 amd64 [upgradable from: 0.6.0-00]
N: There are 3 additional versions. Please use the '-a' switch to see them.
[email protected]:~$ apt-get --simulate upgrade
NOTE: This is only a simulation!
apt-get needs root privileges for real execution.
Keep also in mind that locking is deactivated,
so don't depend on the relevance to the real current situation!
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Calculating upgrade... Done
The following packages will be upgraded:
kubernetes-cni
1 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Inst kubernetes-cni [0.6.0-00] (0.7.5-00 kubernetes-xenial:kubernetes-xenial [amd64])
Conf kubernetes-cni (0.7.5-00 kubernetes-xenial:kubernetes-xenial [amd64])
[email protected]:~$ apt-get -u upgrade --assume-no
E: Could not open lock file /var/lib/dpkg/lock-frontend - open (13: Permission denied)
E: Unable to acquire the dpkg frontend lock (/var/lib/dpkg/lock-frontend), are you root?
[email protected]:~$ sudo apt-get -u upgrade --assume-no
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Calculating upgrade... Done
The following packages will be upgraded:
kubernetes-cni
1 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 6,473 kB of archives.
After this operation, 4,278 kB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] N
Abort.
[email protected]:~$ sudo apt-get -u -V upgrade
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Calculating upgrade... Done
The following packages will be upgraded:
kubernetes-cni (0.6.0-00 => 0.7.5-00)
1 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 6,473 kB of archives.
After this operation, 4,278 kB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] n
Abort.
Solusi 3:
Untuk mencantumkan paket yang akan ditingkatkan versinya:
$ sudo apt-get -u -V upgrade
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following packages have been kept back:
mysql-client-5.5 (5.5.29-0ubuntu0.12.04.2 => 5.5.32-0ubuntu0.12.04.1)
mysql-server-5.5 (5.5.29-0ubuntu0.12.04.2 => 5.5.32-0ubuntu0.12.04.1)
mysql-server-core-5.5 (5.5.29-0ubuntu0.12.04.2 => 5.5.32-0ubuntu0.12.04.1)
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 3 not upgraded.
Kemudian, Anda dapat memilih apa yang akan ditingkatkan:
$ sudo apt-get --only-upgrade install mysql-client-5.5
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following package was automatically installed and is no longer required:
firefox-globalmenu
Use 'apt-get autoremove' to remove them.
The following extra packages will be installed:
libterm-readkey-perl
The following NEW packages will be installed:
libterm-readkey-perl
The following packages will be upgraded:
mysql-client-5.5
1 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 2 not upgraded.
Need to get 8,123 kB of archives.
After this operation, 139 kB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue [Y/n]? Y
Get:1 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise/main libterm-readkey-perl i386 2.30-4build3 [28.4 kB]
Get:2 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates/main mysql-client-5.5 i386 5.5.32-0ubuntu0.12.04.1 [8,094 kB]
...
Jika ada dependensi lama yang dihapus, Anda dapat menjalankan apt-get autoremove , dan seperti yang Anda lihat, semua dependensi baru akan diminta untuk diinstal. --only-upgrade flag tidak diperlukan, tetapi bagus jika Anda ingin memastikan bahwa Anda tidak menginstal paket baru secara tidak sengaja alih-alih memutakhirkan yang sudah ada, yaitu Anda mengalami salah satu momen tersebut dan secara tidak sengaja mengetikkan paket yang salah:
$ sudo apt-get --only-upgrade install mysql-proxy
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Skipping mysql-proxy, it is not installed and only upgrades are requested.
The following package was automatically installed and is no longer required:
firefox-globalmenu
Use 'apt-get autoremove' to remove them.
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 2 not upgraded.