Foto milik B Naveen Kumar
Perintah dmidecode membaca tabel DMI sistem untuk menampilkan informasi perangkat keras dan BIOS server. Selain mendapatkan konfigurasi sistem saat ini, Anda juga dapat memperoleh informasi tentang konfigurasi maksimum sistem yang didukung menggunakan dmidecode. Misalnya, dmidecode memberikan RAM saat ini pada sistem dan RAM maksimum yang didukung oleh sistem.
Artikel ini memberikan gambaran umum tentang dmidecode dan beberapa contoh praktis tentang cara menggunakan perintah dmidecode.
1. Ikhtisar dmidecode
Gugus Tugas Manajemen Terdistribusi mempertahankan spesifikasi DMI dan spesifikasi SMBIOS. Output dari dmidecode berisi beberapa record dari tabel DMI (Desktop Management interface).
Berikut adalah format record dari output dmidecode dari tabel DMI.
Record Header: Handle {record id}, DMI type {dmi type id}, {record size} bytes
Record Value: {multi line record value} - id rekaman: Pengenal unik untuk setiap record dalam tabel DMI.
- id jenis dmi: Jenis catatan. yaitu BIOS, Memori dll.,
- ukuran rekaman: Ukuran record dalam tabel DMI.
- nilai record multi-baris: Nilai rekaman multi baris untuk jenis DMI spesifik tersebut.
Contoh keluaran dari perintah dmidecode:
# dmidecode | head -15
# dmidecode 2.9
SMBIOS 2.3 present.
56 structures occupying 1977 bytes.
Table at 0x000FB320.
Handle 0xDA00, DMI type 218, 11 bytes
OEM-specific Type
Header and Data:
DA 0B 00 DA B0 00 17 03 08 28 00
Handle 0x0000, DMI type 0, 20 bytes
BIOS Information
Vendor: Dell Computer Corporation
Version: A07
Release Date: 01/13/2004 Dapatkan jumlah total record dalam tabel DMI seperti yang ditunjukkan di bawah ini:
# dmidecode | grep ^Handle | wc -l 56 (or) # dmidecode | grep structures 56 structures occupying 1977 bytes.
2. Jenis DMI
ID Tipe DMI akan memberikan informasi tentang komponen perangkat keras tertentu dari sistem Anda. Perintah berikut dengan tipe id 4 akan mendapatkan informasi tentang CPU sistem.
# dmidecode -t 4
# dmidecode 2.9
SMBIOS 2.3 present.
Handle 0x0400, DMI type 4, 35 bytes
Processor Information
Socket Designation: Processor 1
Type: Central Processor
Family: Xeon
Manufacturer: Intel
ID: 29 0F 00 00 FF FB EB BF
Signature: Type 0, Family 15, Model 2, Stepping 9
Flags:
FPU (Floating-point unit on-chip)
VME (Virtual mode extension)
DE (Debugging extension)
PSE (Page size extension)
TSC (Time stamp counter)
MSR (Model specific registers) Berikut adalah berbagai jenis DMI yang tersedia.
Type Information
----------------------------------------
0 BIOS
1 System
2 Base Board
3 Chassis
4 Processor
5 Memory Controller
6 Memory Module
7 Cache
8 Port Connector
9 System Slots
10 On Board Devices
11 OEM Strings
12 System Configuration Options
13 BIOS Language
14 Group Associations
15 System Event Log
16 Physical Memory Array
17 Memory Device
18 32-bit Memory Error
19 Memory Array Mapped Address
20 Memory Device Mapped Address
21 Built-in Pointing Device
22 Portable Battery
23 System Reset
24 Hardware Security
25 System Power Controls
26 Voltage Probe
27 Cooling Device
28 Temperature Probe
29 Electrical Current Probe
30 Out-of-band Remote Access
31 Boot Integrity Services
32 System Boot
33 64-bit Memory Error
34 Management Device
35 Management Device Component
36 Management Device Threshold Data
37 Memory Channel
38 IPMI Device
39 Power Supply Alih-alih type_id, Anda juga dapat meneruskan kata kunci ke opsi -t dari perintah dmidecode. Berikut adalah kata kunci yang tersedia.
Keyword Types
------------------------------
bios 0, 13
system 1, 12, 15, 23, 32
baseboard 2, 10
chassis 3
processor 4
memory 5, 6, 16, 17
cache 7
connector 8
slot 9 Misalnya, untuk mendapatkan semua informasi terkait baseboard sistem, jalankan perintah berikut, yang akan menampilkan type_id 2 dan 10
# dmidecode -t baseboard
# dmidecode 2.9
SMBIOS 2.3 present.
Handle 0x0200, DMI type 2, 9 bytes
Base Board Information
Manufacturer: Dell Computer Corporation
Product Name: 123456
Version: A05
Serial Number: ..CN123456789098.
Handle 0x0A00, DMI type 10, 14 bytes
On Board Device 1 Information
Type: SCSI Controller
Status: Enabled
Description: LSI Logic 53C1030 Ultra 320 SCSI
On Board Device 2 Information
Type: SCSI Controller
Status: Enabled
Description: LSI Logic 53C1030 Ultra 320 SCSI
On Board Device 3 Information
Type: Video
Status: Enabled
Description: ATI Rage XL PCI Video
On Board Device 4 Information
Type: Ethernet
Status: Enabled
Description: Broadcom Gigabit Ethernet 1
On Board Device 5 Information
Type: Ethernet
Status: Enabled
Description: Broadcom Gigabit Ethernet 2 3. Dapatkan informasi Memori Fisik (RAM) menggunakan dmidecode
Berapa RAM maksimum yang didukung oleh sistem? Dalam contoh ini, sistem ini dapat mendukung RAM maksimum 8 GB.
# dmidecode -t 16
# dmidecode 2.9
SMBIOS 2.3 present.
Handle 0x1000, DMI type 16, 15 bytes
Physical Memory Array
Location: System Board Or Motherboard
Use: System Memory
Error Correction Type: Multi-bit ECC
Maximum Capacity: 8 GB
Error Information Handle: Not Provided
Number Of Devices: 4
Berapa banyak memori yang dapat saya perbesar? Dari /proc/meminfo Anda dapat mengetahui total memori sistem Anda saat ini seperti yang ditunjukkan di bawah ini.
# grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo MemTotal: 1034644 kB
Dalam contoh ini, sistem memiliki RAM 1GB. Apakah ini 1 x 1GB (atau) 2 x 512MB (atau) 4 x 256MB? Ini dapat diketahui dengan meneruskan tipe id 17 ke perintah dmidecode seperti yang ditunjukkan di bawah ini. Perhatikan pada contoh di bawah ini, jika Anda harus memperluas hingga 8GB RAM maksimum, Anda harus menghapus 512MB yang ada dari slot 1 dan 2, dan menggunakan RAM 2GB pada semua 4 slot memori.
# dmidecode -t 17
# dmidecode 2.9
SMBIOS 2.3 present.
Handle 0x1100, DMI type 17, 23 bytes
Memory Device
Array Handle: 0x1000
Error Information Handle: Not Provided
Total Width: 72 bits
Data Width: 64 bits
Size: 512 MB [Note: Slot1 has 512 MB RAM]
Form Factor: DIMM
Set: 1
Locator: DIMM_1A
Bank Locator: Not Specified
Type: DDR
Type Detail: Synchronous
Speed: 266 MHz (3.8 ns)
Handle 0x1101, DMI type 17, 23 bytes
Memory Device
Array Handle: 0x1000
Error Information Handle: Not Provided
Total Width: 72 bits
Data Width: 64 bits
Size: 512 MB [Note: Slot2 has 512 MB RAM]
Form Factor: DIMM
Set: 1
Locator: DIMM_1B
Bank Locator: Not Specified
Type: DDR
Type Detail: Synchronous
Speed: 266 MHz (3.8 ns)
Handle 0x1102, DMI type 17, 23 bytes
Memory Device
Array Handle: 0x1000
Error Information Handle: Not Provided
Total Width: 72 bits
Data Width: 64 bits
Size: No Module Installed [Note: Slot3 is empty]
Form Factor: DIMM
Set: 2
Locator: DIMM_2A
Bank Locator: Not Specified
Type: DDR
Type Detail: Synchronous
Speed: 266 MHz (3.8 ns)
Handle 0x1103, DMI type 17, 23 bytes
Memory Device
Array Handle: 0x1000
Error Information Handle: Not Provided
Total Width: 72 bits
Data Width: 64 bits
Size: No Module Installed [Note: Slot4 is empty]
Form Factor: DIMM
Set: 2
Locator: DIMM_2B
Bank Locator: Not Specified
Type: DDR
Type Detail: Synchronous
Speed: 266 MHz (3.8 ns) 4. Dapatkan informasi BIOS menggunakan dmidecode
# dmidecode -t bios
# dmidecode 2.9
SMBIOS 2.3 present.
Handle 0x0000, DMI type 0, 20 bytes
BIOS Information
Vendor: Dell Computer Corporation
Version: A07
Release Date: 01/13/2004
Address: 0xF0000
Runtime Size: 64 kB
ROM Size: 4096 kB
Characteristics:
ISA is supported
PCI is supported
PNP is supported
BIOS is upgradeable
BIOS shadowing is allowed
ESCD support is available
Boot from CD is supported
Selectable boot is supported
EDD is supported
Japanese floppy for Toshiba 1.2 MB is supported (int 13h)
5.25"/360 KB floppy services are supported (int 13h)
5.25"/1.2 MB floppy services are supported (int 13h)
3.5"/720 KB floppy services are supported (int 13h)
8042 keyboard services are supported (int 9h)
Serial services are supported (int 14h)
CGA/mono video services are supported (int 10h)
ACPI is supported
USB legacy is supported
LS-120 boot is supported
BIOS boot specification is supported
Function key-initiated network boot is supported
Handle 0x0D00, DMI type 13, 22 bytes
BIOS Language Information
Installable Languages: 1
en|US|iso8859-1
Currently Installed Language: en|US|iso8859-1 5. Lihat Produsen, Model, dan Nomor seri peralatan menggunakan dmidecode
Anda bisa mendapatkan informasi tentang merek, model dan nomor seri peralatan seperti yang ditunjukkan di bawah ini:
# dmidecode -t system
# dmidecode 2.9
SMBIOS 2.3 present.
Handle 0x0100, DMI type 1, 25 bytes
System Information
Manufacturer: Dell Computer Corporation
Product Name: PowerEdge 1750
Version: Not Specified
Serial Number: 1234567
UUID: 4123454C-4123-1123-8123-12345603431
Wake-up Type: Power Switch
Handle 0x0C00, DMI type 12, 5 bytes
System Configuration Options
Option 1: NVRAM_CLR: Clear user settable NVRAM areas and set defaults
Option 2: PASSWD: Close to enable password
Handle 0x2000, DMI type 32, 11 bytes
System Boot Information
Status: No errors detected