Ini didokumentasikan di wiki Nirkabel Linux:
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Device | Kernel | Module | Firmware |
----------------- | ---------| ------- | ------------------------------------ |
Intel® Centrino® | 2.6.36+ | iwldvm | 17.168.5.1, 17.168.5.2 or 17.168.5.3 |
Advanced-N 6205 | -------- | | ------------------------------------ |
| 3.2+ | | 18.168.6.1 |
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Tabel ini mencerminkan versi minimal dari setiap firmware yang dihosting di repositori linux-firmware.git yang diketahui berfungsi dengan modul dan versi kernel tersebut. Dalam kasus khusus Anda, file tersebut adalah iwlwifi-6000g2a-6.ucode .
modinfo akan menampilkan semua file firmware yang dapat digunakan oleh modul tersebut (dan yang dapat mendukung perangkat keras lain). Wiki nirkabel adalah cara yang cukup andal untuk mendapatkan informasi tentang perangkat keras dan firmware.
dmesg | grep firmware dapat membantu Anda menyelidiki file firmware apa yang sedang digunakan. Contoh 1 - firmware dimuat dengan benar:
[ 12.860701] iwlagn 0000:03:00.0: firmware: requesting lbm-iwlwifi-5000-1.ucode
[ 12.949384] iwlagn 0000:03:00.0: loaded firmware version 8.24.2.12
Contoh 2 - file firmware hilang d101m_ucode.bin :
[ 77.481635] e100 0000:00:07.0: firmware: requesting e100/d101m_ucode.bin
[ 137.473940] e100: eth0: e100_request_firmware: Failed to load firmware "e100/d101m_ucode.bin": -2
Jawaban ini bodoh, lakukan ini sebagai gantinya.
Menggali melalui sumber
Masuk kedalam lubang kelinci. Satu-satunya cara saya dapat mengetahui dengan pasti adalah dengan mengambil pohon sumber,
cd /tmp
apt source linux-modules-$(uname -r)
Lalu saya mencari Advanced-N 6205 AGN ,
rgrep -l 'Advanced-N 6205 AGN' ./linux-4.15.0/
./linux-4.15.0/drivers/net/wireless/intel/iwlwifi/cfg/6000.c
Dan, saya memeriksa 6000.c yang memiliki struct,
const struct iwl_cfg iwl6005_2agn_cfg = {
.name = "Intel(R) Centrino(R) Advanced-N 6205 AGN"
IWL_DEVICE_6005,
.ht_params = &iwl6000_ht_params,
};
Mencari IWL_DEVICE_6005 , saya melihat ini adalah definisi preprosesor untuk
#define IWL_DEVICE_6005 \
.fw_name_pre = IWL6005_FW_PRE, \
.ucode_api_max = IWL6000G2_UCODE_API_MAX, \
.ucode_api_min = IWL6000G2_UCODE_API_MIN, \
.device_family = IWL_DEVICE_FAMILY_6005, \
.max_inst_size = IWL60_RTC_INST_SIZE, \
.max_data_size = IWL60_RTC_DATA_SIZE, \
.nvm_ver = EEPROM_6005_EEPROM_VERSION, \
.nvm_calib_ver = EEPROM_6005_TX_POWER_VERSION, \
.base_params = &iwl6000_g2_base_params, \
.eeprom_params = &iwl6000_eeprom_params, \
.led_mode = IWL_LED_RF_STATE, \
.max_ht_ampdu_exponent = IEEE80211_HT_MAX_AMPDU_64K
Yang mana nama firmware (fw_name_pre ) adalah IWL6005_FW_PRE adalah
#define IWL6005_FW_PRE "iwlwifi-6000g2a-"
Jadi, saya kira benar yang sebenarnya jawaban untuk pertanyaan ini adalah
iwlwifi-6000g2a-6.ucode
Dan versinya adalah,
#define EEPROM_6005_EEPROM_VERSION (0x709)
Sementara saya merasakan dmesg log adalah jawaban terbaik untuk melacak pemuatan file firmware, ada metode alternatif untuk melacak semua file yang dibuka dalam jangka waktu tertentu. Saya akan pergi dari sini demi kelengkapan.
Anda selalu dapat menggunakan alat pelacakan waktu nyata yang mampu mengikuti panggilan kernel sebagai sysdig .
Jadi setelah menginstalnya dengan
sudo apt-get install sysdig
Di sini Anda memiliki jejak semua file yang dibuka oleh VM Debian 9 setelah saya memasukkan pena USB wifi ralink saya. Sayangnya tidak ada file firmware, karena jika tidak, file tersebut akan muncul di contoh.
Format skrip sysdig cukup fleksibel untuk mempersempit data, pengguna, dan nama file sesuai kebutuhan untuk tujuan debug:
$sudo sysdig -p "%12user.name %6proc.pid %12proc.name %3fd.num %fd.typechar %fd.name" evt.type=open
root 339 systemd-udev 12 f /run/udev/queue
root 1483 systemd-udev 6 f /proc/self/oom_score_adj
root 1483 systemd-udev 6 f /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:11.0/0000:02:02.0/usb1/1-1/uevent
root 1483 systemd-udev -1 f /run/udev/data/c189:1
root 1483 systemd-udev 6 f /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:11.0/0000:02:02.0/usb1/1-1/descriptors
root 1483 systemd-udev 6 f /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:11.0/0000:02:02.0/usb1/1-1/idVendor
root 1483 systemd-udev 6 f /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:11.0/0000:02:02.0/usb1/1-1/idProduct
root 1483 systemd-udev 6 f /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:11.0/0000:02:02.0/usb1/1-1/manufacturer
root 1483 systemd-udev 6 f /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:11.0/0000:02:02.0/usb1/1-1/product
root 1483 systemd-udev 6 f /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:11.0/0000:02:02.0/usb1/1-1/bcdDevice
root 1483 systemd-udev 6 f /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:11.0/0000:02:02.0/usb1/1-1/serial
root 1483 systemd-udev 6 f /proc/cmdline
root 1483 systemd-udev 6 f /run/udev/data/.#c189:1PS1U2W
root 1483 systemd-udev 6 f /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:11.0/0000:02:02.0/usb1/1-1/1-1:1.0/uevent
root 1483 systemd-udev -1 f /run/udev/data/+usb:1-1:1.0
root 1483 systemd-udev 6 f /proc/cmdline
root 1483 systemd-udev 6 f /run/udev/data/.#+usb:1-1:1.0W1sYYW
root 1483 systemd-udev -1 f /sys/module/rt2800usb/initstate
root 1483 systemd-udev 6 f /sys/module/usb_common/initstate
root 1483 systemd-udev 6 f /sys/module/usbcore/initstate
root 1483 systemd-udev -1 f /sys/module/rfkill/initstate
root 1483 systemd-udev 6 f /lib/modules/4.9.0-6-amd64/kernel/net/rfkill/rfkill.ko
root 1483 systemd-udev -1 f /sys/module/crc_ccitt/initstate
root 1483 systemd-udev 13 f /lib/modules/4.9.0-6-amd64/kernel/lib/crc-ccitt.ko
root 1483 systemd-udev -1 f /sys/module/cfg80211/initstate
root 1483 systemd-udev 14 f /lib/modules/4.9.0-6-amd64/kernel/net/wireless/cfg80211.ko
root 1486 systemd-udev 6 f /proc/self/oom_score_adj
root 1486 systemd-udev 6 f /sys/devices/virtual/misc/rfkill/uevent
root 1484 systemd-udev 6 f /proc/self/oom_score_adj
root 1484 systemd-udev -1 f /sys/module/rfkill/uevent
root 1484 systemd-udev -1 f /run/udev/data/+module:rfkill
root 1484 systemd-udev 6 f /proc/cmdline
root 1485 systemd-udev 6 f /proc/self/oom_score_adj
root 1486 systemd-udev -1 f /run/udev/data/c10:56
root 1486 systemd-udev 6 f /proc/cmdline
root 1486 systemd-udev 6 f /run/udev/data/.#c10:56fjUFaV
root 1485 systemd-udev -1 f /sys/class/rfkill/uevent
root 1485 systemd-udev -1 f /run/udev/data/+class:rfkill
root 1485 systemd-udev 6 f /proc/cmdline
root 1487 systemd-udev 6 f /proc/self/oom_score_adj
root 1487 systemd-udev -1 f /sys/module/crc_ccitt/uevent
root 1487 systemd-udev -1 f /run/udev/data/+module:crc_ccitt
root 1487 systemd-udev 6 f /proc/cmdline
root 1488 systemd-udev 6 f /proc/self/oom_score_adj
root 1488 systemd-udev -1 f /sys/module/cfg80211/uevent
root 1488 systemd-udev -1 f /run/udev/data/+module:cfg80211
root 1488 systemd-udev 6 f /proc/cmdline
root 1485 systemd-udev -1 f /sys/class/ieee80211/uevent
root 1485 systemd-udev -1 f /run/udev/data/+class:ieee80211
root 1485 systemd-udev 6 f /proc/cmdline
root 1485 systemd-udev 6 f /sys/devices/platform/regulatory.0/uevent
root 1485 systemd-udev -1 f /run/udev/data/+platform:regulatory.0
root 1485 systemd-udev 6 f /proc/cmdline
root 1485 systemd-udev 6 f /sys/devices/platform/regulatory.0/uevent
root 1485 systemd-udev -1 f /run/udev/data/+platform:regulatory.0
root 1485 systemd-udev 6 f /proc/cmdline
root 1483 systemd-udev -1 f /sys/module/mac80211/initstate
root 1483 systemd-udev 15 f /lib/modules/4.9.0-6-amd64/kernel/net/mac80211/mac80211.ko
root 1485 systemd-udev -1 f /sys/module/mac80211/uevent
root 1485 systemd-udev -1 f /run/udev/data/+module:mac80211
root 1485 systemd-udev 6 f /proc/cmdline
root 1483 systemd-udev -1 f /sys/module/rt2x00lib/initstate
root 1483 systemd-udev 16 f /lib/modules/4.9.0-6-amd64/kernel/drivers/net/wireless/ralink/rt2x00/rt2x00lib.ko
root 1485 systemd-udev -1 f /sys/module/rt2x00lib/uevent
root 1485 systemd-udev -1 f /run/udev/data/+module:rt2x00lib
root 1485 systemd-udev 6 f /proc/cmdline
root 1483 systemd-udev -1 f /sys/module/rt2800lib/initstate
root 1483 systemd-udev 17 f /lib/modules/4.9.0-6-amd64/kernel/drivers/net/wireless/ralink/rt2x00/rt2800lib.ko
root 1485 systemd-udev -1 f /sys/module/rt2800lib/uevent
root 1485 systemd-udev -1 f /run/udev/data/+module:rt2800lib
root 1485 systemd-udev 6 f /proc/cmdline
root 1483 systemd-udev -1 f /sys/module/rt2x00usb/initstate
root 1483 systemd-udev 18 f /lib/modules/4.9.0-6-amd64/kernel/drivers/net/wireless/ralink/rt2x00/rt2x00usb.ko
root 1485 systemd-udev -1 f /sys/module/rt2x00usb/uevent
root 1485 systemd-udev -1 f /run/udev/data/+module:rt2x00usb
root 1485 systemd-udev 6 f /proc/cmdline
root 1483 systemd-udev -1 f /sys/module/rt2800usb/initstate
root 1483 systemd-udev 19 f /lib/modules/4.9.0-6-amd64/kernel/drivers/net/wireless/ralink/rt2x00/rt2800usb.ko
root 1485 systemd-udev -1 f /sys/module/rt2800usb/uevent
root 1485 systemd-udev -1 f /run/udev/data/+module:rt2800usb
root 1485 systemd-udev 6 f /proc/cmdline
root 1485 systemd-udev -1 f /sys/module/arc4/uevent
root 1485 systemd-udev -1 f /run/udev/data/+module:arc4
root 1485 systemd-udev 6 f /proc/cmdline
root 1485 systemd-udev 6 f /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:11.0/0000:02:02.0/usb1/1-1/1-1:1.0/ieee80211/phy0/uevent
root 1485 systemd-udev -1 f /run/udev/data/+ieee80211:phy0
root 1485 systemd-udev 6 f /proc/cmdline
root 1488 systemd-udev 6 f /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:11.0/0000:02:02.0/usb1/1-1/1-1:1.0/net/wlan0/uevent
root 1488 systemd-udev -1 f /run/udev/data/n3
root 1488 systemd-udev 6 f /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:11.0/0000:02:02.0/usb1/1-1/idVendor
root 1488 systemd-udev 6 f /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:11.0/0000:02:02.0/usb1/idVendor
root 1488 systemd-udev 6 f /proc/cmdline
root 1488 systemd-udev 6 f /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:11.0/0000:02:02.0/usb1/1-1/1-1:1.0/net/wlan0/address
root 1488 systemd-udev 6 f /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:11.0/0000:02:02.0/usb1/1-1/1-1:1.0/net/wlan0/type
root 1488 systemd-udev 6 f /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:11.0/0000:02:02.0/usb1/1-1/1-1:1.0/net/wlan0/ifindex
root 1488 systemd-udev 6 f /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:11.0/0000:02:02.0/usb1/1-1/1-1:1.0/net/wlan0/iflink
root 1488 systemd-udev 6 f /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:11.0/0000:02:02.0/usb1/1-1/1-1:1.0/net/wlan0/addr_assign_type
root 1484 systemd-udev 6 f /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:11.0/0000:02:02.0/usb1/1-1/1-1:1.0/leds/rt2800usb-phy0::radio/uevent
root 1484 systemd-udev -1 f /run/udev/data/+leds:rt2800usb-phy0::radio
root 1484 systemd-udev 6 f /proc/cmdline
root 1487 systemd-udev 6 f /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:11.0/0000:02:02.0/usb1/1-1/1-1:1.0/leds/rt2800usb-phy0::assoc/uevent
root 1487 systemd-udev -1 f /run/udev/data/+leds:rt2800usb-phy0::assoc
root 1487 systemd-udev 6 f /proc/cmdline
root 1486 systemd-udev 6 f /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:11.0/0000:02:02.0/usb1/1-1/1-1:1.0/leds/rt2800usb-phy0::quality/uevent
root 1486 systemd-udev -1 f /run/udev/data/+leds:rt2800usb-phy0::quality
root 1486 systemd-udev 6 f /proc/cmdline
root 1483 systemd-udev -1 f /sys/bus/usb/drivers/rt2800usb/uevent
root 1483 systemd-udev -1 f /run/udev/data/+drivers:usb:rt2800usb
root 1483 systemd-udev 6 f /proc/cmdline
root 1485 systemd-udev 6 f /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:11.0/0000:02:02.0/usb1/1-1/1-1:1.0/ieee80211/phy0/rfkill0/uevent
root 1485 systemd-udev -1 f /run/udev/data/+rfkill:rfkill0
root 1485 systemd-udev 6 f /proc/cmdline
root 1488 systemd-udev 6 f /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:11.0/0000:02:02.0/acpi_index
root 1488 systemd-udev 6 f /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:11.0/0000:02:02.0/usb1/1-1/1-1:1.0/net/wlan0/dev_port
root 1488 systemd-udev 6 f /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:11.0/0000:02:02.0/usb1/1-1/1-1:1.0/net/wlan0/phys_port_name
root 1488 systemd-udev 6 f /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:11.0/0000:02:02.0/config
root 1488 systemd-udev 6 d /sys/bus/pci/slots
root 1488 systemd-udev 13 f /sys/bus/pci/slots/230/address
root 1488 systemd-udev 13 f /sys/bus/pci/slots/55/address
root 1488 systemd-udev 13 f /sys/bus/pci/slots/259/address
root 1488 systemd-udev 13 f /sys/bus/pci/slots/164/address
root 1488 systemd-udev 13 f /sys/bus/pci/slots/45/address
root 1488 systemd-udev 13 f /sys/bus/pci/slots/192/address
root 1488 systemd-udev 13 f /sys/bus/pci/slots/35/address
root 1488 systemd-udev 13 f /sys/bus/pci/slots/63/address
root 1488 systemd-udev 13 f /sys/bus/pci/slots/229/address
root 1488 systemd-udev 13 f /sys/bus/pci/slots/53/address
root 1488 systemd-udev 13 f /sys/bus/pci/slots/257/address
root 1488 systemd-udev 13 f /sys/bus/pci/slots/162/address
root 1488 systemd-udev 13 f /sys/bus/pci/slots/43/address
root 1488 systemd-udev 13 f /sys/bus/pci/slots/33/address
root 1488 systemd-udev 13 f /sys/bus/pci/slots/61/address
root 1488 systemd-udev 13 f /sys/bus/pci/slots/227/address
root 1488 systemd-udev 13 f /sys/bus/pci/slots/51/address
root 1488 systemd-udev 13 f /sys/bus/pci/slots/199/address
root 1488 systemd-udev 13 f /sys/bus/pci/slots/160/address
root 1488 systemd-udev 13 f /sys/bus/pci/slots/41/address
root 1488 systemd-udev 13 f /sys/bus/pci/slots/263/address
root 1488 systemd-udev 13 f /sys/bus/pci/slots/225/address
root 1488 systemd-udev 13 f /sys/bus/pci/slots/197/address
root 1488 systemd-udev 13 f /sys/bus/pci/slots/58/address
root 1488 systemd-udev 13 f /sys/bus/pci/slots/261/address
root 1488 systemd-udev 13 f /sys/bus/pci/slots/167/address
root 1488 systemd-udev 13 f /sys/bus/pci/slots/48/address
root 1488 systemd-udev 13 f /sys/bus/pci/slots/195/address
root 1488 systemd-udev 13 f /sys/bus/pci/slots/38/address
root 1488 systemd-udev 13 f /sys/bus/pci/slots/231/address
root 1488 systemd-udev 13 f /sys/bus/pci/slots/56/address
root 1488 systemd-udev 13 f /sys/bus/pci/slots/165/address
root 1488 systemd-udev 13 f /sys/bus/pci/slots/46/address
root 1488 systemd-udev 13 f /sys/bus/pci/slots/193/address
root 1488 systemd-udev 13 f /sys/bus/pci/slots/36/address
root 1488 systemd-udev 13 f /sys/bus/pci/slots/54/address
root 1488 systemd-udev 13 f /sys/bus/pci/slots/258/address
root 1488 systemd-udev 13 f /sys/bus/pci/slots/163/address
root 1488 systemd-udev 13 f /sys/bus/pci/slots/44/address
root 1488 systemd-udev 13 f /sys/bus/pci/slots/34/address
root 1488 systemd-udev 13 f /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:11.0/0000:02:02.0/config
root 1488 systemd-udev 6 f /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:11.0/0000:02:02.0/usb1/1-1/1-1:1.0/uevent
root 1488 systemd-udev 6 f /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:11.0/0000:02:02.0/usb1/1-1/1-1:1.0/bInterfaceNumber
root 1488 systemd-udev 6 f /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:11.0/0000:02:02.0/usb1/1-1/1-1:1.0/bInterfaceClass
root 1488 systemd-udev 6 f /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:11.0/0000:02:02.0/usb1/1-1/uevent
root 1488 systemd-udev 6 f /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:11.0/0000:02:02.0/usb1/1-1/descriptors
root 1488 systemd-udev 6 f /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:11.0/0000:02:02.0/usb1/1-1/idProduct
root 1488 systemd-udev 6 f /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:11.0/0000:02:02.0/usb1/1-1/manufacturer
root 1488 systemd-udev 6 f /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:11.0/0000:02:02.0/usb1/1-1/product
root 1488 systemd-udev 6 f /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:11.0/0000:02:02.0/usb1/1-1/bcdDevice
root 1488 systemd-udev 6 f /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:11.0/0000:02:02.0/usb1/1-1/serial
root 1488 systemd-udev 6 f /run/udev/data/+usb:1-1:1.0
root 1488 systemd-udev 6 f /run/udev/data/.#n3eBu1Pw
root 1494 systemd-udev 6 f /dev/null
root 1494 ifupdown-hot 3 f /etc/ld.so.cache
root 1494 ifupdown-hot 3 f /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6
root 1494 ifupdown-hot 3 f /lib/udev/ifupdown-hotplug
root 1494 ifupdown-hot 3 f /dev/null
root 1494 ifupdown-hot 3 f /dev/null
root 1485 systemd-udev -1 f /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:11.0/0000:02:02.0/usb1/1-1/1-1:1.0/net/wlan0/queues/rx-0/uevent
root 1485 systemd-udev -1 f /run/udev/data/+queues:rx-0
root 1485 systemd-udev 6 f /proc/cmdline
root 1484 systemd-udev -1 f /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:11.0/0000:02:02.0/usb1/1-1/1-1:1.0/net/wlan0/queues/tx-1/uevent
root 1484 systemd-udev -1 f /run/udev/data/+queues:tx-1
root 1484 systemd-udev 6 f /proc/cmdline
root 1487 systemd-udev -1 f /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:11.0/0000:02:02.0/usb1/1-1/1-1:1.0/net/wlan0/queues/tx-2/uevent
root 1487 systemd-udev -1 f /run/udev/data/+queues:tx-2
root 1487 systemd-udev 6 f /proc/cmdline
root 1486 systemd-udev -1 f /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:11.0/0000:02:02.0/usb1/1-1/1-1:1.0/net/wlan0/queues/tx-3/uevent
root 1486 systemd-udev -1 f /run/udev/data/+queues:tx-3
root 1486 systemd-udev 6 f /proc/cmdline
root 1488 systemd-udev -1 f /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:11.0/0000:02:02.0/usb1/1-1/1-1:1.0/net/wlan0/queues/tx-0/uevent
root 1488 systemd-udev -1 f /run/udev/data/+queues:tx-0
root 1488 systemd-udev 6 f /proc/cmdline
root 1495 ifupdown-hot 0 f /dev/null
root 1497 grep 3 f /etc/ld.so.cache
root 1497 grep 3 f /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpcre.so.3
root 1497 grep 3 f /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libdl.so.2
root 1497 grep 3 f /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6
root 1497 grep 3 f /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpthread.so.0
root 1496 ifquery 3 f /etc/ld.so.cache
root 1496 ifquery 3 f /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6
root 1496 ifquery 3 f /etc/network/interfaces
Kami dapat menggandakan konfirmasi dengan lsmod output modul kernel dimuat:
$lsmod
Module Size Used by
arc4 16384 2
**rt2800usb** 28672 0
**rt2x00usb** 24576 1 rt2800usb
**rt2800lib** 94208 1 rt2800usb
**rt2x00lib** 53248 3 rt2800lib,rt2800usb,rt2x00usb
**mac80211** 671744 3 rt2800lib,rt2x00lib,rt2x00usb
**cfg80211** 589824 2 rt2x00lib,mac80211
crc_ccitt 16384 1 rt2800lib
**rfkill** 24576 1 cfg80211
sysdig_probe 430080 0
vmw_vsock_vmci_transport 28672 1
vsock 36864 2 vmw_vsock_vmci_transport
softdog 16384 0
loop 28672 0
crct10dif_pclmul 16384 0
crc32_pclmul 16384 0
vmw_balloon 20480 0
ghash_clmulni_intel 16384 0
intel_rapl_perf 16384 0
sg 32768 0
vmw_vmci 69632 2 vmw_balloon,vmw_vsock_vmci_transport
button 16384 0
ext4 585728 1
crc16 16384 1 ext4
jbd2 106496 1 ext4
crc32c_generic 16384 0
fscrypto 28672 1 ext4
ecb 16384 0
mbcache 16384 2 ext4
sd_mod 49152 4
crc32c_intel 24576 0
aesni_intel 167936 0
aes_x86_64 20480 1 aesni_intel
glue_helper 16384 1 aesni_intel
lrw 16384 1 aesni_intel
gf128mul 16384 1 lrw
ablk_helper 16384 1 aesni_intel
cryptd 24576 3 ablk_helper,ghash_clmulni_intel,aesni_intel
ehci_pci 16384 0
ehci_hcd 81920 1 ehci_pci
usbcore 253952 4 rt2800usb,rt2x00usb,ehci_hcd,ehci_pci
usb_common 16384 1 usbcore
e1000 143360 0
mptspi 24576 3
scsi_transport_spi 32768 1 mptspi
mptscsih 32768 1 mptspi
mptbase 77824 2 mptscsih,mptspi
scsi_mod 225280 5 sd_mod,mptscsih,scsi_transport_spi,sg,mptspi
Apa yang menentukan perintah Linux mana yang memerlukan akses root?
SSH terhubung ke soket UNIX alih-alih nama host