Belajar membuat daftar semua port yang terbuka di sistem Linux atau Unix. Juga, lihat proses terkait dengannya. Kiat praktis untuk memecahkan masalah konektivitas layanan.
Sering kali dalam kehidupan sysadmin, Anda perlu memeriksa semua port yang terbuka di sistem Anda. Terkadang Anda perlu memeriksa apakah port tertentu mendengarkan di server atau tidak. Jika layanan tertentu berkomunikasi pada port yang dikonfigurasi atau tidak. Jika port tertentu telah membuat koneksi atau tidak.
Semua hal ini dapat dianalisis dengan perintah di bawah ini.
perintah netstat :
Jelas perintah pertama tidak lain adalah netstat
memerintah. Gunakan netstat
dengan 4 pilihan :
-a
:Menampilkan semua soket-p
:Tampilkan PID terkait-t
:TCP-u
:UDP
# netstat -ptau Active Internet connections (servers and established) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name tcp 0 0 *:58573 *:* LISTEN 1013/rpc.statd tcp 0 0 *:sunrpc *:* LISTEN 991/rpcbind tcp 0 0 *:ssh *:* LISTEN 1208/sshd tcp 0 0 localhost:ipp *:* LISTEN 1069/cupsd tcp 0 0 localhost:smtp *:* LISTEN 1287/master tcp 0 0 ip-12-31-28-246.ap-:telnet 112.197.214.169:49648 ESTABLISHED 3213/in.telnetd tcp 0 0 ip-12-31-28-246.ap-:telnet 200-163-187-49.scrce2:53440 ESTABLISHED 3215/in.telnetd tcp 0 0 ip-12-31-28-246.ap-sou:ssh 59.182.17:49413 ESTABLISHED 1441/sshd tcp 0 288 ip-12-31-28-246.ap-sou:ssh 59.182.17:50729 ESTABLISHED 1694/sshd tcp 0 0 *:sunrpc *:* LISTEN 991/rpcbind tcp 0 0 *:ssh *:* LISTEN 1208/sshd tcp 0 0 *:telnet *:* LISTEN 1618/xinetd tcp 0 0 localhost:ipp *:* LISTEN 1069/cupsd tcp 0 0 localhost:smtp *:* LISTEN 1287/master tcp 0 0 *:56954 *:* LISTEN 1013/rpc.statd udp 0 0 localhost:766 *:* 1013/rpc.statd udp 0 0 *:39730 *:* 1013/rpc.statd udp 0 0 *:bootpc *:* 884/dhclient udp 0 0 *:netrcs *:* 991/rpcbind udp 0 0 *:sunrpc *:* 991/rpcbind udp 0 0 *:ipp *:* 1069/cupsd udp 0 0 *:60991 *:* 1013/rpc.statd udp 0 0 *:netrcs *:* 991/rpcbind udp 0 0 *:sunrpc *:* 991/rpcbind
Pada output di atas Anda dapat melihat :
- Kolom pertama adalah protokol
- Alamat lokal kolom keempat mencakup IP lokal, port, layanan
- IP tujuan kolom kelima, port, dll
- Kolom keenam adalah status saat ini
- Kolom terakhir adalah PID dan nama proses yang memiliki socket tersebut
Cara lain adalah dengan menggunakan netstat
dengan opsi:
# netstat -an Active Internet connections (servers and established) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:8001 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:9633 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:7937 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:9634 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:7938 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:9443 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:9444 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:9060 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:9061 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:14502 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:14503 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:8359 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:199 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:810 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:9100 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:9101 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:9133 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:8080 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:8880 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:6000 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:8881 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:9043 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:9044 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:21 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:9080 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:9081 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:2809 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:2810 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:443 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:6556 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 10.10.5.160:42124 10.10.5.199:35994 ESTABLISHED tcp 0 0 10.10.5.160:42376 10.10.5.199:39154 ESTABLISHED tcp 0 0 10.10.5.160:8881 10.10.5.160:55117 TIME_WAIT tcp 0 0 10.10.5.160:44367 10.10.5.199:48181 ESTABLISHED tcp 0 0 10.10.5.160:36671 10.10.5.199:58137 ESTABLISHED tcp 1 0 10.10.5.160:56253 10.10.5.160:9081 CLOSE_WAIT tcp 0 0 10.10.5.160:57168 10.10.5.52:1521 ESTABLISHED tcp 0 0 10.10.5.160:8880 10.10.5.160:55035 TIME_WAIT tcp 0 0 10.10.5.160:6556 10.100.22.173:51544 ESTABLISHED udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:7938 0.0.0.0:* udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:37909 0.0.0.0:* udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:161 0.0.0.0:* udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:804 0.0.0.0:* udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:807 0.0.0.0:* udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:177 0.0.0.0:* udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:5353 0.0.0.0:* udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:* udp 0 0 203.127.98.134:123 0.0.0.0:* udp 0 0 10.10.5.160:123 0.0.0.0:* udp 0 0 127.0.0.1:123 0.0.0.0:* udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:123 0.0.0.0:* Active UNIX domain sockets (servers and established) Proto RefCnt Flags Type State I-Node Path unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 7690 @ISCSIADM_ABSTRACT_NAMESPACE unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 11363 @/tmp/fam-root- unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 11003 /var/run/avahi-daemon/socket unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 8701 @/var/run/hald/dbus-RL64SjEdUd unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 247409367 /jas/HTTPServer/logs/cgisock.14073 unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 247409370 /jas/HTTPServer/logs/siddport unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 11221 /tmp/.gdm_socket unix 14 [ ] DGRAM 8008 /dev/log unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 7668 @ISCSID_UIP_ABSTRACT_NAMESPACE unix 2 [ ] DGRAM 1797 @/org/kernel/udev/udevd unix 2 [ ] DGRAM 8709 @/org/freedesktop/hal/udev_event unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 8700 @/var/run/hald/dbus-mO28j2Fpoe unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 7963 /var/run/audispd_events unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 10761 /tmp/.font-unix/fs7100 unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 10709 /dev/gpmctl unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 8608 /var/run/dbus/system_bus_socket unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 8675 /var/run/acpid.socket unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 11248 /tmp/.X11-unix/X0 unix 2 [ ] DGRAM 322339652 unix 2 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 284330078 unix 2 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 83187468 unix 2 [ ] DGRAM 11482214 unix 2 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 98040 unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 11366 @/tmp/fam-root- unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 11365 unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 11356 /var/run/dbus/system_bus_socket unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 11355 unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 11333 /tmp/.X11-unix/X0 unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 11332 unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 11306 /tmp/.X11-unix/X0 unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 11305 unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 11283 /tmp/.font-unix/fs7100 unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 11282 unix 2 [ ] DGRAM 11254 unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 11286 /tmp/.X11-unix/X0 unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 11253 unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 11252 /var/run/acpid.socket unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 11251 unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 11006 /var/run/dbus/system_bus_socket unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 11005 unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 11000 unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 10999 unix 2 [ ] DGRAM 10997 unix 2 [ ] DGRAM 10851 unix 2 [ ] DGRAM 10686 unix 2 [ ] DGRAM 10661 unix 2 [ ] DGRAM 10594 unix 2 [ ] DGRAM 10569 unix 2 [ ] DGRAM 10453 unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 10344 /var/run/dbus/system_bus_socket unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 10343 unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 10298 @/var/run/hald/dbus-mO28j2Fpoe unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 10297 unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 10117 @/var/run/hald/dbus-mO28j2Fpoe unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 10113 unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 10096 /var/run/acpid.socket unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 10093 unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 10063 @/var/run/hald/dbus-mO28j2Fpoe unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 10059 unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 8704 @/var/run/hald/dbus-RL64SjEdUd unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 8703 unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 8612 unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 8611 unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 8466 unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 8465 unix 2 [ ] DGRAM 8343 unix 2 [ ] DGRAM 8016 unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 7954 unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 7953
perintah lsof :
Menggunakan lsof
perintah juga Anda dapat melacak port terbuka saat ini pada sistem. lsof
terutama daftar file yang terbuka. Karena soket diperlakukan sebagai file jaringan pada tingkat kernel dan soket diperlakukan sebagai terbuka saat berkomunikasi, soket dapat didaftar menggunakan lsof
!
lsof
memiliki -i
opsi khusus untuk membuat daftar file jaringan.
# lsof -i COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME dhclient 884 root 5u IPv4 10791 0t0 UDP *:bootpc rpcbind 991 rpc 6u IPv4 11109 0t0 UDP *:sunrpc rpcbind 991 rpc 7u IPv4 11111 0t0 UDP *:netrcs rpcbind 991 rpc 8u IPv4 11112 0t0 TCP *:sunrpc (LISTEN) rpcbind 991 rpc 9u IPv6 11114 0t0 UDP *:sunrpc rpcbind 991 rpc 10u IPv6 11116 0t0 UDP *:netrcs rpcbind 991 rpc 11u IPv6 11117 0t0 TCP *:sunrpc (LISTEN) rpc.statd 1013 rpcuser 6u IPv4 11206 0t0 UDP localhost:766 rpc.statd 1013 rpcuser 7u IPv4 11210 0t0 UDP *:39730 rpc.statd 1013 rpcuser 8u IPv4 11214 0t0 TCP *:58573 (LISTEN) rpc.statd 1013 rpcuser 9u IPv6 11218 0t0 UDP *:60991 rpc.statd 1013 rpcuser 10u IPv6 11222 0t0 TCP *:56954 (LISTEN) cupsd 1069 root 6u IPv6 11412 0t0 TCP localhost:ipp (LISTEN) cupsd 1069 root 7u IPv4 11413 0t0 TCP localhost:ipp (LISTEN) cupsd 1069 root 9u IPv4 11416 0t0 UDP *:ipp sshd 1208 root 3u IPv4 11960 0t0 TCP *:ssh (LISTEN) sshd 1208 root 4u IPv6 11962 0t0 TCP *:ssh (LISTEN) master 1287 root 11u IPv4 12158 0t0 TCP localhost:smtp (LISTEN) master 1287 root 12u IPv6 12160 0t0 TCP localhost:smtp (LISTEN) sshd 1441 root 3r IPv4 12964 0t0 TCP ip-12-31-28-246.ap-south-1.compute.internal:ssh-59.184.179.68:49413 (ESTABLISHED) sshd 1444 ec2-user 3u IPv4 12964 0t0 TCP ip-12-31-28-246.ap-south-1.compute.internal:ssh-59.184.179.68:49413 (ESTABLISHED) xinetd 1618 root 5u IPv6 13908 0t0 TCP *:telnet (LISTEN) sshd 1694 root 3r IPv4 14812 0t0 TCP ip-12-31-28-246.ap-south-1.compute.internal:ssh-59.184.179.68:50729 (ESTABLISHED) sshd 1697 ec2-user 3u IPv4 14812 0t0 TCP ip-12-31-28-246.ap-south-1.compute.internal:ssh-59.184.179.68:50729 (ESTABLISHED) in.telnet 3420 root 0u IPv4 35294 0t0 TCP ip-12-31-28-246.ap-south-1.compute.internal:telnet->5ec3c900.skybroadband.com:39192 (ESTABLISHED) in.telnet 3420 root 1u IPv4 35294 0t0 TCP ip-12-31-28-246.ap-south-1.compute.internal:telnet->5ec3c900.skybroadband.com:39192 (ESTABLISHED) in.telnet 3420 root 2u IPv4 35294 0t0 TCP ip-12-31-28-246.ap-south-1.compute.internal:telnet->5ec3c900.skybroadband.com:39192 (ESTABLISHED) in.telnet 3422 root 0u IPv4 35326 0t0 TCP ip-12-31-28-246.ap-south-1.compute.internal:telnet->188-24-133-29.dynamic.brasov.rdsnet.ro:apwi-rxserver (ESTABLISHED) in.telnet 3422 root 1u IPv4 35326 0t0 TCP ip-12-31-28-246.ap-south-1.compute.internal:telnet->188-24-133-29.dynamic.brasov.rdsnet.ro:apwi-rxserver (ESTABLISHED) in.telnet 3422 root 2u IPv4 35326 0t0 TCP ip-12-31-28-246.ap-south-1.compute.internal:telnet->188-24-133-29.dynamic.brasov.rdsnet.ro:apwi-rxserver (ESTABLISHED)
Pada output di atas, Anda dapat melihat perintah mana yang dijalankan oleh pengguna mana yang menggunakan soket dan status port mana di akhir!
Jika Anda memiliki trik lain untuk membuat daftar port terbuka pada sistem, beri tahu kami di komentar. Kami akan menambahkannya ke postingan ini.