Sebagian besar distro Linux dilengkapi dengan MySQL. Jika Anda ingin menggunakan MySQL, rekomendasi saya adalah Anda mengunduh MySQL versi terbaru dan menginstalnya sendiri. Nanti Anda bisa mengupgradenya ke versi terbaru saat sudah tersedia. Pada artikel ini, saya akan menjelaskan cara menginstal MySQL edisi komunitas gratis terbaru di platform Linux.
1. Unduh rilis stabil terbaru MySQL
Unduh mySQL dari mysql.com . Silakan unduh MySQL edisi komunitas untuk platform Linux Anda yang sesuai. Saya mengunduh "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 RPM (x86)". Pastikan untuk mengunduh Server MySQL, Klien, dan “Header dan pustaka” dari laman unduhan.
- MySQL-client-community-5.1.25-0.rhel5.i386.rpm
- MySQL-server-community-5.1.25-0.rhel5.i386.rpm
- MySQL-devel-community-5.1.25-0.rhel5.i386.rpm
2. Hapus MySQL default yang ada yang disertakan dengan distro Linux
Jangan lakukan ini pada sistem di mana database MySQL digunakan oleh beberapa aplikasi.
[local-host]# rpm -qa | grep -i mysql mysql-5.0.22-2.1.0.1 mysqlclient10-3.23.58-4.RHEL4.1 [local-host]# rpm -e mysql --nodeps warning: /etc/my.cnf saved as /etc/my.cnf.rpmsave [local-host]# rpm -e mysqlclient10
3. Instal paket MySQL yang diunduh
Instal paket MySQL Server dan Client seperti yang ditunjukkan di bawah ini.
[local-host]# rpm -ivh MySQL-server-community-5.1.25-0.rhel5.i386.rpm MySQL-client-community-5.1.25-0.rhel5.i386.rpm Preparing... ########################################### [100%] 1:MySQL-client-community ########################################### [ 50%] 2:MySQL-server-community ########################################### [100%]
Ini juga akan menampilkan output berikut dan menjalankan daemon MySQL secara otomatis.
PLEASE REMEMBER TO SET A PASSWORD FOR THE MySQL root USER ! To do so, start the server, then issue the following commands: /usr/bin/mysqladmin -u root password 'new-password' /usr/bin/mysqladmin -u root -h medica2 password 'new-password' Alternatively you can run: /usr/bin/mysql_secure_installation which will also give you the option of removing the test databases and anonymous user created by default. This is strongly recommended for production servers. See the manual for more instructions. Please report any problems with the /usr/bin/mysqlbug script! The latest information about MySQL is available at http://www.mysql.com/ Support MySQL by buying support/licenses from http://shop.mysql.com/ Starting MySQL.[ OK ] Giving mysqld 2 seconds to start
Instal “Header and Libraries” yang merupakan bagian dari paket MySQL-devel.
[local-host]# rpm -ivh MySQL-devel-community-5.1.25-0.rhel5.i386.rpm Preparing... ########################################### [100%] 1:MySQL-devel-community ########################################### [100%]
Catatan: Ketika saya mengkompilasi PHP dengan opsi MySQL dari sumber di sistem Linux, gagal dengan kesalahan berikut. Menginstal paket MySQL-devel-community memperbaiki masalah ini dalam menginstal PHP dari sumber.
configure: error: Cannot find MySQL header files under yes. Note that the MySQL client library is not bundled anymore!
4. Lakukan aktivitas keamanan pasca-pemasangan di MySQL.
Minimal Anda harus menetapkan kata sandi untuk pengguna root seperti yang ditunjukkan di bawah ini:
[local-user]# /usr/bin/mysqladmin -u root password 'My2Secure$Password'
Opsi terbaik adalah menjalankan skrip mysql_secure_installation yang akan menangani semua item terkait keamanan pada MySQL seperti yang ditunjukkan di bawah ini. Pada level tinggi ini melakukan item berikut:
- Ubah kata sandi root
- Hapus pengguna anonim
- Larang login root dari mesin jarak jauh
- Hapus database pengujian sampel default
[local-host]# /usr/bin/mysql_secure_installation NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MySQL SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE! PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY! In order to log into MySQL to secure it, we'll need the current password for the root user. If you've just installed MySQL, and you haven't set the root password yet, the password will be blank, so you should just press enter here. Enter current password for root (enter for none): OK, successfully used password, moving on... Setting the root password ensures that nobody can log into the MySQL root user without the proper authorisation. You already have a root password set, so you can safely answer 'n'. Change the root password? [Y/n] Y New password: Re-enter new password: Password updated successfully! Reloading privilege tables.. ... Success! By default, a MySQL installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone to log into MySQL without having to have a user account created for them. This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation go a bit smoother. You should remove them before moving into a production environment. Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] Y ... Success! Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'. This ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network. Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] Y ... Success! By default, MySQL comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can access. This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed before moving into a production environment. Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] Y - Dropping test database... ... Success! - Removing privileges on test database... ... Success! Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far will take effect immediately. Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] Y ... Success! Cleaning up... All done! If you've completed all of the above steps, your MySQL installation should now be secure. Thanks for using MySQL!
5. Verifikasi instalasi MySQL:
Anda dapat memeriksa versi terinstal MySQL dengan melakukan mysql -V seperti yang ditunjukkan di bawah ini:
[local-host]# mysql -V mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.1.25-rc, for redhat-linux-gnu (i686) using readline 5.1
Hubungkan ke database MySQL menggunakan pengguna root dan pastikan koneksi berhasil.
[local-host]# mysql -u root -p Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 13 Server version: 5.1.25-rc-community MySQL Community Server (GPL) Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the buffer. mysql>
Ikuti langkah-langkah di bawah ini untuk menghentikan dan memulai MySQL
[local-host]# service mysql status MySQL running (12588) [ OK ] [local-host]# service mysql stop Shutting down MySQL. [ OK ] [local-host]# service mysql start Starting MySQL. [ OK ]