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Cara Memperbarui CentOS 8 / RHEL 8

Meskipun CentOS 8 / RHEL 8 baru-baru ini dirilis, akan ada beberapa pembaruan yang menunggu sistem Anda karena komunitas CentOS / Red Hat sangat sering merilis pembaruan untuk sistem operasinya.

Dalam beberapa kasus, tepat setelah penginstalan sistem operasi, Anda akan melihat pembaruan menunggu penginstalan.

BACA: Cara Menginstal CentOS 8

BACA: Cara Menginstal Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8

Panduan ini membantu Anda cara memperbarui sistem CentOS 8 / RHEL 8 untuk mendapatkan paket terbaru yang diperbarui atau rilis minor OS (seperti CentOS 8.1 / RHEL 8.1) pada sistem serta untuk menjaga keamanan sistem.

Cadangan

Sebelum melakukan pembaruan OS, disarankan untuk mengambil cadangan file penting ke lokasi yang aman.

Perbarui CentOS 8 / RHEL 8

Periksa Pembaruan

Pertama, mari kita lihat pembaruan apa yang menunggu sistem Anda.

yum check-update

Keluaran:

Pembaruan berikut tersedia untuk mesin saya.

Last metadata expiration check: 0:00:37 ago on Wed 23 Oct 2019 04:43:10 AM EDT.

bash.x86_64                                                4.4.19-8.el8_0                                          BaseOS
bind-export-libs.x86_64                                    32:9.11.4-17.P2.el8_0.1                                 BaseOS
epel-release.noarch                                        8-6.el8                                                 epel
grub2-common.noarch                                        1:2.02-66.el8_0.1                                       BaseOS
grub2-pc.x86_64                                            1:2.02-66.el8_0.1                                       BaseOS
grub2-pc-modules.noarch                                    1:2.02-66.el8_0.1                                       BaseOS
grub2-tools.x86_64                                         1:2.02-66.el8_0.1                                       BaseOS
grub2-tools-extra.x86_64                                   1:2.02-66.el8_0.1                                       BaseOS
grub2-tools-minimal.x86_64                                 1:2.02-66.el8_0.1                                       BaseOS
initscripts.x86_64                                         10.00.1-1.el8_0.1                                       BaseOS
iptables.x86_64                                            1.8.2-9.el8_0.1                                         BaseOS
iptables-ebtables.x86_64                                   1.8.2-9.el8_0.1                                         BaseOS
iptables-libs.x86_64                                       1.8.2-9.el8_0.1                                         BaseOS

.     .     .
.     .     .

sssd-client.x86_64                                         2.0.0-43.el8_0.3                                        BaseOS
sssd-common.x86_64                                         2.0.0-43.el8_0.3                                        BaseOS
sssd-kcm.x86_64                                            2.0.0-43.el8_0.3                                        BaseOS
sssd-nfs-idmap.x86_64                                      2.0.0-43.el8_0.3                                        BaseOS
systemd.x86_64                                             239-13.el8_0.5                                          BaseOS
systemd-libs.x86_64                                        239-13.el8_0.5                                          BaseOS
systemd-pam.x86_64                                         239-13.el8_0.5                                          BaseOS
systemd-udev.x86_64                                        239-13.el8_0.5                                          BaseOS
Obsoleting Packages
grub2-tools.x86_64                                         1:2.02-66.el8_0.1                                       BaseOS
    grub2-tools.x86_64                                     1:2.02-66.el8                                           @anaconda
grub2-tools-efi.x86_64                                     1:2.02-66.el8_0.1                                       BaseOS
    grub2-tools.x86_64                                     1:2.02-66.el8                                           @anaconda
grub2-tools-extra.x86_64                                   1:2.02-66.el8_0.1                                       BaseOS
    grub2-tools.x86_64                                     1:2.02-66.el8                                           @anaconda
grub2-tools-minimal.x86_64                                 1:2.02-66.el8_0.1                                       BaseOS
    grub2-tools.x86_64                                     1:2.02-66.el8                                           @anaconda

Jika Anda puas dengan pembaruan, lanjutkan untuk menginstal pembaruan pada sistem Anda.

Perbarui Kernel

Sebagai tugas pertama, kami hanya akan memperbarui paket kernel OS.

Memperbarui kernel secara terpisah adalah opsional karena Anda dapat memperbarui kernel dan paket dalam satu perintah yang akan dilihat di bagian berikutnya. Karena CentOS / Red Hat tidak mengikuti tanggal yang dijadwalkan untuk merilis pembaruan, Anda tidak akan mendapatkan pembaruan Kernel setiap saat.

Gunakan perintah di bawah ini untuk memperbarui kernel OS.

yum update -y kernel

Perbarui Paket

Sekarang, instal pembaruan yang tersisa untuk sistem Anda yang terkait dengan aplikasi yang sudah diinstal.

yum update

Anda akan mendapatkan daftar paket beserta ukuran unduhannya. Anda harus mengetik Y dan tekan Enter untuk memulai pembaruan.

 
Last metadata expiration check: 0:13:04 ago on Wed 23 Oct 2019 04:43:10 AM EDT.
Dependencies resolved.
============================================================================================================================
 Package                               Arch              Version                                    Repository         Size
============================================================================================================================
Upgrading:
 bash                                  x86_64            4.4.19-8.el8_0                             BaseOS            1.5 M
 bind-export-libs                      x86_64            32:9.11.4-17.P2.el8_0.1                    BaseOS            1.1 M
 grub2-common                          noarch            1:2.02-66.el8_0.1                          BaseOS            880 k
 grub2-pc                              x86_64            1:2.02-66.el8_0.1                          BaseOS             35 k
 grub2-pc-modules                      noarch            1:2.02-66.el8_0.1                          BaseOS            899 k
 grub2-tools                           x86_64            1:2.02-66.el8_0.1                          BaseOS            1.9 M
 grub2-tools-extra                     x86_64            1:2.02-66.el8_0.1                          BaseOS            1.0 M
 grub2-tools-minimal                   x86_64            1:2.02-66.el8_0.1                          BaseOS            196 k

.     .     .
.     .     .

 sssd-kcm                              x86_64            2.0.0-43.el8_0.3                           BaseOS            207 k
 sssd-nfs-idmap                        x86_64            2.0.0-43.el8_0.3                           BaseOS             94 k
 systemd                               x86_64            239-13.el8_0.5                             BaseOS            3.4 M
 systemd-libs                          x86_64            239-13.el8_0.5                             BaseOS            551 k
 systemd-pam                           x86_64            239-13.el8_0.5                             BaseOS            222 k
 systemd-udev                          x86_64            239-13.el8_0.5                             BaseOS            1.3 M
 epel-release                          noarch            8-6.el8                                    epel               21 k
Installing dependencies:
 grub2-tools-efi                       x86_64            1:2.02-66.el8_0.1                          BaseOS            444 k

Transaction Summary
============================================================================================================================
Install   1 Package
Upgrade  50 Packages

Total download size: 47 M
Is this ok [y/N]: Y  << Press Y and Enter
Downloading Packages:
(1/51): grub2-tools-efi-2.02-66.el8_0.1.x86_64.rpm                                          226 kB/s | 444 kB     00:01
(2/51): bind-export-libs-9.11.4-17.P2.el8_0.1.x86_64.rpm                                    364 kB/s | 1.1 MB     00:03
(3/51): grub2-pc-2.02-66.el8_0.1.x86_64.rpm                                                 346 kB/s |  35 kB     00:00
(4/51): grub2-common-2.02-66.el8_0.1.noarch.rpm                                             575 kB/s | 880 kB     00:01
(5/51): bash-4.4.19-8.el8_0.x86_64.rpm                                                      413 kB/s | 1.5 MB     00:03
(6/51): grub2-pc-modules-2.02-66.el8_0.1.noarch.rpm                                         699 kB/s | 899 kB     00:01
(7/51): grub2-tools-minimal-2.02-66.el8_0.1.x86_64.rpm                                      987 kB/s | 196 kB     00:00

Setelah pembaruan paket diunduh, penginstal akan mulai menginstalnya secara otomatis.

Anda mungkin perlu menerima kunci penandatanganan GPG jika diminta.

(45/51): python3-libs-3.6.8-4.el8_0.x86_64.rpm                                              818 kB/s | 7.9 MB     00:09
(46/51): systemd-libs-239-13.el8_0.5.x86_64.rpm                                             929 kB/s | 551 kB     00:00
(47/51): systemd-pam-239-13.el8_0.5.x86_64.rpm                                              960 kB/s | 222 kB     00:00
(48/51): systemd-239-13.el8_0.5.x86_64.rpm                                                  690 kB/s | 3.4 MB     00:05
(49/51): epel-release-8-6.el8.noarch.rpm                                                    115 kB/s |  21 kB     00:00
(50/51): systemd-udev-239-13.el8_0.5.x86_64.rpm                                             959 kB/s | 1.3 MB     00:01
(51/51): selinux-policy-targeted-3.14.1-61.el8_0.2.noarch.rpm                               775 kB/s |  15 MB     00:19
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                                                                                       1.5 MB/s |  47 MB     00:32
warning: /var/cache/dnf/epel-6519ee669354a484/packages/epel-release-8-6.el8.noarch.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID 2f86d6a1: NOKEY
Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 8 - x86_64                                              1.6 MB/s | 1.6 kB     00:00
Importing GPG key 0x2F86D6A1:
 Userid     : "Fedora EPEL (8) <[email protected]>"
 Fingerprint: 94E2 79EB 8D8F 25B2 1810 ADF1 21EA 45AB 2F86 D6A1
 From       : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-8
Is this ok [y/N]: Y  << Press Y and Enter
Key imported successfully
Running transaction check
Transaction check succeeded.
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded.
Running transaction
  Preparing        :                                                                                                    1/1
  Running scriptlet: bash-4.4.19-8.el8_0.x86_64                                                                         1/1
  Upgrading        : bash-4.4.19-8.el8_0.x86_64                                                                       1/101
  Running scriptlet: bash-4.4.19-8.el8_0.x86_64                                                                       1/101
  Upgrading        : grub2-common-1:2.02-66.el8_0.1.noarch                                                            2/101
  Upgrading        : platform-python-3.6.8-4.el8_0.x86_64                                                             3/101
  Running scriptlet: platform-python-3.6.8-4.el8_0.x86_64                                                             3/101
  Upgrading        : python3-libs-3.6.8-4.el8_0.x86_64                                                                4/101

Tunggu beberapa saat hingga pembaruan sistem selesai.

  Verifying        : systemd-pam-239-13.el8.x86_64                                                                   97/101
  Verifying        : systemd-udev-239-13.el8_0.5.x86_64                                                              98/101
  Verifying        : systemd-udev-239-13.el8.x86_64                                                                  99/101
  Verifying        : epel-release-8-6.el8.noarch                                                                    100/101
  Verifying        : epel-release-8-5.el8.noarch                                                                    101/101

Upgraded:
  bash-4.4.19-8.el8_0.x86_64                                    bind-export-libs-32:9.11.4-17.P2.el8_0.1.x86_64
  grub2-common-1:2.02-66.el8_0.1.noarch                         grub2-pc-1:2.02-66.el8_0.1.x86_64
  grub2-pc-modules-1:2.02-66.el8_0.1.noarch                     grub2-tools-1:2.02-66.el8_0.1.x86_64
  grub2-tools-extra-1:2.02-66.el8_0.1.x86_64                    grub2-tools-minimal-1:2.02-66.el8_0.1.x86_64
  initscripts-10.00.1-1.el8_0.1.x86_64                          iptables-1.8.2-9.el8_0.1.x86_64
  iptables-ebtables-1.8.2-9.el8_0.1.x86_64                      iptables-libs-1.8.2-9.el8_0.1.x86_64
  kernel-tools-4.18.0-80.11.2.el8_0.x86_64                      kernel-tools-libs-4.18.0-80.11.2.el8_0.x86_64
  kmod-25-11.el8_0.2.x86_64                                     kmod-libs-25-11.el8_0.2.x86_64
  kpartx-0.7.8-7.el8_0.2.x86_64                                 libdnf-0.22.5-5.el8_0.x86_64
  libnfsidmap-1:2.3.3-14.el8_0.2.x86_64                         libsss_autofs-2.0.0-43.el8_0.3.x86_64
  libsss_certmap-2.0.0-43.el8_0.3.x86_64                        libsss_idmap-2.0.0-43.el8_0.3.x86_64
  libsss_nss_idmap-2.0.0-43.el8_0.3.x86_64                      libsss_sudo-2.0.0-43.el8_0.3.x86_64
  microcode_ctl-4:20180807a-2.20190618.1.el8_0.x86_64           p11-kit-0.23.14-5.el8_0.x86_64
  p11-kit-trust-0.23.14-5.el8_0.x86_64                          platform-python-3.6.8-4.el8_0.x86_64
  python3-hawkey-0.22.5-5.el8_0.x86_64                          python3-libdnf-0.22.5-5.el8_0.x86_64
  python3-libs-3.6.8-4.el8_0.x86_64                             python3-perf-4.18.0-80.11.2.el8_0.x86_64
  python3-rpm-4.14.2-11.el8_0.x86_64                            rpm-4.14.2-11.el8_0.x86_64
  rpm-build-libs-4.14.2-11.el8_0.x86_64                         rpm-libs-4.14.2-11.el8_0.x86_64
  rpm-plugin-selinux-4.14.2-11.el8_0.x86_64                     rpm-plugin-systemd-inhibit-4.14.2-11.el8_0.x86_64
  selinux-policy-3.14.1-61.el8_0.2.noarch                       selinux-policy-targeted-3.14.1-61.el8_0.2.noarch
  setup-2.12.2-2.el8.noarch                                     sssd-client-2.0.0-43.el8_0.3.x86_64
  sssd-common-2.0.0-43.el8_0.3.x86_64                           sssd-kcm-2.0.0-43.el8_0.3.x86_64
  sssd-nfs-idmap-2.0.0-43.el8_0.3.x86_64                        systemd-239-13.el8_0.5.x86_64
  systemd-libs-239-13.el8_0.5.x86_64                            systemd-pam-239-13.el8_0.5.x86_64
  systemd-udev-239-13.el8_0.5.x86_64                            epel-release-8-6.el8.noarch

Installed:
  grub2-tools-efi-1:2.02-66.el8_0.1.x86_64

Complete!

Setelah paket diinstal, reboot mesin Anda

reboot

Verifikasi Pembaruan

Gunakan perintah check-update untuk melihat apakah ada pembaruan yang menunggu untuk dipasang.

yum check-update

Seharusnya tidak mengembalikan output apa pun

ATAU

Jika Anda memeriksa konsol sistem atau layar boot, seharusnya boot melalui kernel yang diperbarui.

Anda juga dapat memastikan bahwa sistem di-boot dengan kernel yang diperbarui menggunakan perintah di bawah ini.

uname -a

Keluaran:

Linux centos8.itzgeek.local 4.18.0-80.11.2.el8_0.x86_64 #1 SMP Tue Sep 24 11:32:19 UTC 2019 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
Jika sistem tidak bisa boot dengan kernel baru, boot mesin ke kernel lama dan kemudian instal ulang kernel yang baru diinstal.

Kesimpulan

Itu saja. Silakan bagikan tanggapan Anda di bagian komentar.


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