MySQL adalah perangkat lunak Sistem manajemen basis data gratis yang paling umum digunakan dalam aplikasi tiga tingkat untuk menyimpan dan mengambil catatan dan informasi.
MySQL awalnya dikembangkan oleh MYSQL AB, sekarang dimiliki oleh Oracle Corporation. Itu adalah aplikasi database utama di Linux sampai MariaDB, sebuah fork dari MySQL, muncul.
Pada artikel ini, kita akan melihat langkah-langkah tentang cara menginstal MySQL 8.0 di CentOS 8 / RHEL 8.
Langkah-langkah yang disebutkan dalam artikel ini hanya akan berfungsi jika Anda telah mengaktifkan langganan di RHEL 8 atau mengonfigurasi repositori yum lokal di sistem Anda.Instal MySQL 8.0 Pada CentOS 8 / RHEL 8
MySQL 8.0 tersedia untuk CentOS 8 / RHEL 8 dari repositori OS AppStream dan repositori MySQL Dev Community. 1. Instal MySQL 8.0 dari MySQL Dev Community 2. Instal MySQL 8.0 dari AppStream1. Instal MySQL 8.0 dari Komunitas Dev MySQL
Tambahkan repositori resmi MySQL untuk menginstal server komunitas MySQL.
rpm -ivh https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql80-community-release-el8-1.noarch.rpm
Pastikan repositori MySQL telah ditambahkan dan diaktifkan dengan menggunakan perintah berikut.
dnf repolist all | grep mysql | grep enabled
Keluaran:
mysql-connectors-community MySQL Connectors Community enabled mysql-tools-community MySQL Tools Community enabled mysql80-community MySQL 8.0 Community Server enabled
Gunakan perintah dnf di CentOS/RHEL untuk menginstal MySQL versi stabil terbaru. Nonaktifkan repositori AppStream sementara untuk menginstal MySQL dari Komunitas Dev MySQL.
### CentOS 8 ### dnf install -y --disablerepo=appstream mysql-community-server ### RHEL 8 ### dnf install -y --disablerepo=rhel-8-for-x86_64-appstream-rpms mysql-community-server
Keluaran:
Dependencies resolved. ======================================================================================================================================================================== Package Architecture Version Repository Size ======================================================================================================================================================================== Installing: mysql-community-server x86_64 8.0.25-1.el8 mysql80-community 53 M Installing dependencies: mysql-community-client x86_64 8.0.25-1.el8 mysql80-community 13 M mysql-community-client-plugins x86_64 8.0.25-1.el8 mysql80-community 98 k mysql-community-common x86_64 8.0.25-1.el8 mysql80-community 618 k mysql-community-libs x86_64 8.0.25-1.el8 mysql80-community 1.4 M perl-Carp noarch 1.42-396.el8 baseos 29 k . . . . . . (36/37): mysql-community-client-8.0.25-1.el8.x86_64.rpm 2.3 MB/s | 13 MB 00:05 (37/37): mysql-community-server-8.0.25-1.el8.x86_64.rpm 5.0 MB/s | 53 MB 00:10 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Total 4.4 MB/s | 79 MB 00:17 warning: /var/cache/dnf/mysql80-community-b1f1ed5ba88ce0f8/packages/mysql-community-client-8.0.25-1.el8.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY MySQL 8.0 Community Server 27 MB/s | 27 kB 00:00 Importing GPG key 0x5072E1F5: Userid : "MySQL Release Engineering <[email protected]>" Fingerprint: A4A9 4068 76FC BD3C 4567 70C8 8C71 8D3B 5072 E1F5 From : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql Key imported successfully Running transaction check Transaction check succeeded. Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded. Running transaction Preparing : 1/1 Installing : perl-Pod-Escapes-1:1.07-395.el8.noarch 1/37 . . . . . . perl-Term-Cap-1.17-395.el8.noarch perl-Text-ParseWords-3.30-395.el8.noarch perl-Text-Tabs+Wrap-2013.0523-395.el8.noarch perl-Time-Local-1:1.280-1.el8.noarch perl-Unicode-Normalize-1.25-396.el8.x86_64 perl-constant-1.33-396.el8.noarch perl-interpreter-4:5.26.3-419.el8.x86_64 perl-libs-4:5.26.3-419.el8.x86_64 perl-macros-4:5.26.3-419.el8.x86_64 perl-parent-1:0.237-1.el8.noarch perl-podlators-4.11-1.el8.noarch perl-threads-1:2.21-2.el8.x86_64 perl-threads-shared-1.58-2.el8.x86_64 Complete!
2. Instal MySQL 8.0 dari AppStream
MySQL sekarang tersedia melalui Application Stream (Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 untuk x86_64 – AppStream (RPM)) untuk RHEL 8 dan CentOS 8. Jadi, Anda tidak perlu menambahkan repositori resmi MySQL untuk menginstal server MySQL di RHEL 8.
Periksa apakah repositori AppStream diaktifkan di RHEL 8 menggunakan perintah berikut.
subscription-manager repos --list-enabled
Keluaran:
+----------------------------------------------------------+
Available Repositories in /etc/yum.repos.d/redhat.repo
+----------------------------------------------------------+
Repo ID: rhel-8-for-x86_64-baseos-rpms
Repo Name: Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 for x86_64 - BaseOS (RPMs)
Repo URL: https://cdn.redhat.com/content/dist/rhel8/$releasever/x86_64/baseos/os
Enabled: 1
Repo ID: rhel-8-for-x86_64-appstream-rpms
Repo Name: Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 for x86_64 - AppStream (RPMs)
Repo URL: https://cdn.redhat.com/content/dist/rhel8/$releasever/x86_64/appstream/os
Enabled: 1
Gunakan perintah dnf untuk menginstal MySQL versi terbaru.
dnf install -y @mysql
Keluaran:
Last metadata expiration check: 0:01:25 ago on Fri 11 Oct 2019 03:35:47 PM UTC. Dependencies resolved. =================================================================================================================== Package Arch Version Repository Size =================================================================================================================== Installing group/module packages: mysql-server x86_64 8.0.13-1.module_el8.0.0+41+ca30bab6 AppStream 25 M Installing dependencies: mariadb-connector-c-config noarch 3.0.7-1.el8 AppStream 13 k mecab x86_64 0.996-1.module_el8.0.0+41+ca30bab6.9 AppStream 397 k mysql x86_64 8.0.13-1.module_el8.0.0+41+ca30bab6 AppStream 9.2 M mysql-common x86_64 8.0.13-1.module_el8.0.0+41+ca30bab6 AppStream 142 k mysql-errmsg x86_64 8.0.13-1.module_el8.0.0+41+ca30bab6 AppStream 523 k perl-Digest noarch 1.17-395.el8 AppStream 27 k perl-Digest-MD5 x86_64 2.55-396.el8 AppStream 37 k perl-Net-SSLeay x86_64 1.85-6.el8 AppStream 358 k perl-URI noarch 1.73-3.el8 AppStream 116 k . . . . . . Enabling module streams: mysql 8.0 Transaction Summary =================================================================================================================== Install 51 Packages Total download size: 48 M Installed size: 278 M Downloading Packages: (1/51): mariadb-connector-c-config-3.0.7-1.el8.noarch.rpm 12 kB/s | 13 kB 00:01 (2/51): mysql-common-8.0.13-1.module_el8.0.0+41+ca30bab6.x86_64.rpm 1.3 MB/s | 142 kB 00:00 (3/51): mecab-0.996-1.module_el8.0.0+41+ca30bab6.9.x86_64.rpm 328 kB/s | 397 kB 00:01 (4/51): mysql-errmsg-8.0.13-1.module_el8.0.0+41+ca30bab6.x86_64.rpm 5.7 MB/s | 523 kB 00:00 (5/51): perl-Digest-1.17-395.el8.noarch.rpm 530 kB/s | 27 kB 00:00 (6/51): perl-Digest-MD5-2.55-396.el8.x86_64.rpm 959 kB/s | 37 kB 00:00 (7/51): mysql-8.0.13-1.module_el8.0.0+41+ca30bab6.x86_64.rpm 6.3 MB/s | 9.2 MB 00:01 . . . . . . Transaction test succeeded. Running transaction Preparing : 1/1 Installing : perl-Exporter-5.72-396.el8.noarch 1/51 Installing : perl-libs-4:5.26.3-416.el8.x86_64 2/51 Installing : perl-Carp-1.42-396.el8.noarch 3/51 Installing : perl-Scalar-List-Utils-3:1.49-2.el8.x86_64 4/51 Installing : perl-parent-1:0.237-1.el8.noarch 5/51 . . . . . . Installed: mysql-server-8.0.13-1.module_el8.0.0+41+ca30bab6.x86_64 perl-IO-Socket-IP-0.39-5.el8.noarch perl-IO-Socket-SSL-2.060-2.el8.noarch perl-Mozilla-CA-20160104-7.el8.noarch mariadb-connector-c-config-3.0.7-1.el8.noarch mecab-0.996-1.module_el8.0.0+41+ca30bab6.9.x86_64 mysql-8.0.13-1.module_el8.0.0+41+ca30bab6.x86_64 mysql-common-8.0.13-1.module_el8.0.0+41+ca30bab6.x86_64 mysql-errmsg-8.0.13-1.module_el8.0.0+41+ca30bab6.x86_64 perl-Digest-1.17-395.el8.noarch perl-Digest-MD5-2.55-396.el8.x86_64 perl-Net-SSLeay-1.85-6.el8.x86_64 perl-URI-1.73-3.el8.noarch perl-libnet-3.11-3.el8.noarch protobuf-lite-3.5.0-7.el8.x86_64 libaio-0.3.110-12.el8.x86_64 numactl-libs-2.0.12-2.el8.x86_64 perl-Carp-1.42-396.el8.noarch perl-Data-Dumper-2.167-399.el8.x86_64 perl-Encode-4:2.97-3.el8.x86_64 perl-Errno-1.28-416.el8.x86_64 perl-Exporter-5.72-396.el8.noarch perl-File-Path-2.15-2.el8.noarch perl-File-Temp-0.230.600-1.el8.noarch perl-Getopt-Long-1:2.50-4.el8.noarch perl-HTTP-Tiny-0.074-1.el8.noarch perl-IO-1.38-416.el8.x86_64 perl-MIME-Base64-3.15-396.el8.x86_64 perl-PathTools-3.74-1.el8.x86_64 perl-Pod-Escapes-1:1.07-395.el8.noarch perl-Pod-Perldoc-3.28-396.el8.noarch perl-Pod-Simple-1:3.35-395.el8.noarch perl-Pod-Usage-4:1.69-395.el8.noarch perl-Scalar-List-Utils-3:1.49-2.el8.x86_64 perl-Socket-4:2.027-2.el8.x86_64 perl-Storable-1:3.11-3.el8.x86_64 perl-Term-ANSIColor-4.06-396.el8.noarch perl-Term-Cap-1.17-395.el8.noarch perl-Text-ParseWords-3.30-395.el8.noarch perl-Text-Tabs+Wrap-2013.0523-395.el8.noarch perl-Time-Local-1:1.280-1.el8.noarch perl-Unicode-Normalize-1.25-396.el8.x86_64 perl-constant-1.33-396.el8.noarch perl-interpreter-4:5.26.3-416.el8.x86_64 perl-libs-4:5.26.3-416.el8.x86_64 perl-macros-4:5.26.3-416.el8.x86_64 perl-parent-1:0.237-1.el8.noarch perl-podlators-4.11-1.el8.noarch perl-threads-1:2.21-2.el8.x86_64 perl-threads-shared-1.58-2.el8.x86_64 policycoreutils-python-utils-2.8-16.1.el8.noarch Complete!
Mengelola Layanan server MySQL
Setelah instalasi MySQL, mulai layanan server MySQL menggunakan perintah berikut.
systemctl start mysqld
Aktifkan server MySQL saat startup sistem.
systemctl enable mysqld
Verifikasi bahwa server MySQL dimulai menggunakan perintah berikut.
systemctl status mysqld
Keluaran:
● mysqld.service - MySQL Server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Fri 2021-07-02 00:08:12 EDT; 11s ago
Docs: man:mysqld(8)
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
Main PID: 3794 (mysqld)
Status: "Server is operational"
Tasks: 38 (limit: 23664)
Memory: 442.0M
CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service
└─3794 /usr/sbin/mysqld
Jul 02 00:08:01 rocky8.itzgeek.local systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server...
Jul 02 00:08:12 rocky8.itzgeek.local systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server.
Server MySQL aman
Menginstal MySQL dari Komunitas Dev MySQL
Di CentOS 8 / RHEL 8, kata sandi root MySQL awal dapat ditemukan di /var/log/mysqld.log. Anda dapat menggunakan perintah di bawah ini untuk mengambil kata sandi dari file log.
cat /var/log/mysqld.log | grep -i 'temporary password'
Keluaran:
2021-07-02T04:08:05.488758Z 6 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: PlrS,Tw&d9q2
Sekarang, Anda perlu menjalankan mysql_secure_installation untuk mengamankan instalasi MySQL Anda. Perintah ini menangani pengaturan kata sandi root, menghapus pengguna anonim, melarang login root dari jarak jauh, dll.
mysql_secure_installation
Keluaran:
Securing the MySQL server deployment. Enter password for user root: << Enter the temporary password you got from the previous step The existing password for the user account root has expired. Please set a new password. New password: << Enter new root password Re-enter new password: << Re-enter new root password The 'validate_password' component is installed on the server. The subsequent steps will run with the existing configuration of the component. Using existing password for root. Estimated strength of the password: 100 Change the password for root ? ((Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : N << Type N and Enter as we have already set root password ... skipping. By default, a MySQL installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone to log into MySQL without having to have a user account created for them. This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation go a bit smoother. You should remove them before moving into a production environment. Remove anonymous users? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : Y << Remove anonymous user Success. Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'. This ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network. Disallow root login remotely? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : Y << Disallow root login remotely Success. By default, MySQL comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can access. This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed before moving into a production environment. Remove test database and access to it? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : Y << Remove test database - Dropping test database... Success. - Removing privileges on test database... Success. Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far will take effect immediately. Reload privilege tables now? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : Y << Reload privilege tables Success. All done!
Menginstal MySQL dari AppStream
Di CentOS 8 / RHEL 8, tidak ada kata sandi yang disetel untuk pengguna root MySQL . Jadi, kami akan menjalankan mysql_secure_installation untuk mengamankan instalasi MySQL Anda dengan mengatur kata sandi root, menghapus pengguna anonim, melarang login root dari jarak jauh, dll.
mysql_secure_installation
Keluaran:
Securing the MySQL server deployment. Connecting to MySQL using a blank password. VALIDATE PASSWORD COMPONENT can be used to test passwords and improve security. It checks the strength of password and allows the users to set only those passwords which are secure enough. Would you like to setup VALIDATE PASSWORD component? Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No: Y << Type Y to use VALIDATE PASSWORD COMPONENT to check strength of passwords There are three levels of password validation policy: LOW Length >= 8 MEDIUM Length >= 8, numeric, mixed case, and special characters STRONG Length >= 8, numeric, mixed case, special characters and dictionary file Please enter 0 = LOW, 1 = MEDIUM and 2 = STRONG: 1 << Choose the Level of Strongness Please set the password for root here. New password: << Enter Root Password Re-enter new password: << Re-enter Root Password Estimated strength of the password: 100 Do you wish to continue with the password provided?(Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : Y << Press Y to set password By default, a MySQL installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone to log into MySQL without having to have a user account created for them. This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation go a bit smoother. You should remove them before moving into a production environment. Remove anonymous users? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : Y << Press Y to Remove Anonymous User Success. Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'. This ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network. Disallow root login remotely? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : Y << Press Y to Disallow Remote Root Login Success. By default, MySQL comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can access. This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed before moving into a production environment. Remove test database and access to it? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : Y << Press Y to Remove test database - Dropping test database... Success. - Removing privileges on test database... Success. Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far will take effect immediately. Reload privilege tables now? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : Y << Press Y to Reload Privilege Success. All done!
Bekerja dengan Server MySQL
Masuk ke server MySQL sebagai pengguna root MySQL.
mysql -u root -p
Keluaran:
Enter password: << Enter MySQL Root Password Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 12 Server version: 8.0.13 Source distribution Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql>
Instal phpMyAdmin
Jika Anda seorang pemula di MySQL dan memiliki pengetahuan yang kurang tentang baris perintah MySQL, pertimbangkan untuk menginstal phpMyAdmin, alat manajemen berbasis web sumber terbuka untuk mengelola database MySQL dan MariaDB.
BACA: Cara Instal phpMyAdmin dengan Apache di CentOS 8 / RHEL 8
BACA: Cara Instal phpMyAdmin dengan Nginx di CentOS 8 / RHEL 8
Catatan untuk MySQL 8.0 diinstal dari repositori MySQL Dev Community:
MySQL 8.0 menggunakan mekanisme caching_sha2_password untuk otentikasi yang mencegah aplikasi lama untuk mengakses database termasuk phpMyAdmin saat ini. Sederhananya, Anda tidak akan masuk ke phpMyAdmin kecuali kami menonaktifkan mekanisme kata sandi baru ini.
Anda dapat menonaktifkan mekanisme kata sandi baru secara global dengan menempatkan default-authentication-plugin=mysql_native_password di /etc/my.cnf (Pengguna yang dibuat setelah perubahan ini akan memiliki mekanisme otentikasi mysql_native_password) atau Anda dapat kembali ke otentikasi asli lama (mysql_native_password) untuk individu pengguna (Mis:root) dengan menjalankan ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' DIIDENTIFIKASI DENGAN mysql_native_password OLEH '
Kesimpulan
Pada artikel ini, Anda telah mempelajari cara menginstal MySQL 8.0 di CentOS 8 / RHEL 8. Silakan bagikan tanggapan Anda di bagian komentar.